What is Hernia Surgery? Everything You Need to Know

If you or someone you know has been informed that they require hernia surgery, it can be confusing or even a bit frightening. What is a hernia? Why must it be operated on? Is hernia surgery risky? These are all natural questions.

Let's break it down step by step.

What is a Hernia?

A hernia happens when an internal body structure bulges through a weak area in the muscle or tissue wall that's meant to keep it inside. It usually appears as a lump or bulge, and it's most frequently found in the stomach or groin.

Picture a balloon protruding through a tear in a rubber sheet—that's what a hernia does. It won't get better by itself and can get worse over time.

What are the Types of Hernias?

There are many types of hernias, but the most prevalent are:

Inguinal Hernia: Occurs in the groin. More prevalent in males.
Umbilical Hernia: Found around the belly button.
Hiatal Hernia: Occurs when part of the stomach bulges into the chest through the diaphragm.
Incisional Hernia: Develops at the location of an old surgical scar.
Femoral Hernia: Less frequent, occurs in the upper thigh or groin.

Each of these can be different sizes, painful, or symptom-free. Some hernias are not painful, while others hurt, particularly when you cough, bend, or lift something heavy.

Why is Hernia Surgery Necessary?

Most hernias do not disappear by themselves. They may become larger and painful over time. If a hernia is not treated, it can entrap a piece of intestine or other tissue and cut off its blood supply. This is referred to as a strangulated hernia and is a medical emergency.

That's why surgeons frequently suggest hernia surgery (hernia repair)—to avoid complications and improve quality of life.

Is Hernia Surgery Risky?

Hernia surgery is one of the most common surgeries performed worldwide. It is generally safe, especially when done by experienced surgeons. Like any surgery, it carries some risks, such as:

Infection
Bleeding
Reaction to anesthesia
Pain or numbness
Recurrence (hernia coming back)

The risk of serious problems is low, especially if you’re healthy and follow your doctor’s advice before and after surgery.

Types of Hernia Surgery

There are two main types of hernia repair surgeries:

1. Open Hernia Surgery (Open Repair)

One cut is made close to the hernia. The protruding tissue is pushed back inside. The wall of muscle is sewn together, usually by placing a piece of mesh under the muscle to reinforce the site. The cut is stitched or glued shut.
Advantages:

Usually performed using local anesthesia.
Best for bigger or more complicated hernias.

Disadvantages:

Longer recovery time.
Bigger scar.

2. Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery (Minimally Invasive Surgery)

Small cuts are made in several locations. A small camera and instruments are passed through the incisions. The hernia is fixed from within, typically with mesh.
Advantages:

Smaller scars.
Less postoperative pain.
Faster recovery.

Your surgeon will advise on the best method depending on your age, health, and the kind of hernia you have.

What is Hernia Mesh?

In many hernia repairs, doctors use a surgical mesh—a soft, flexible material that acts like a patch. It supports the weakened area and helps prevent the hernia from coming back.

Mesh is considered safe and is widely used. Complications from mesh are rare but can include infection or rejection by the body. Your doctor will discuss the risks and benefits before surgery.

What to Expect Before the Surgery?

Consultation: You'll see a hernia expert who will check you and might recommend some tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan.
Pre-surgery Instructions: You'll be instructed regarding what to eat or not eat, which medications to discontinue, and how to prepare.
Hospital Stay: The majority of hernia operations are performed on a day-care basis, i.e., you go home on the same day.

Hernia Surgery Recovery Time

The recovery time depends on the nature of surgery and your general health.

Open Surgery Recovery

Back to normal activities in 4 to 6 weeks
Driving in 1 to 2 weeks
Light walking the next day

Laparoscopic Surgery Recovery

Back to work in 1 to 2 weeks
Faster healing due to smaller cuts
You’ll be advised to avoid lifting heavy items for at least a few weeks. Follow-up appointments help your doctor check your healing progress.

Pain After Hernia Surgery

Mild swelling and pain are normal for a couple of days following surgery. Your doctor will provide pain medication to help with this.

Severe pain, fever, redness, or discharge from the wound means you need to call your doctor right away, it may be an infection.

Tips for Quicker Recovery

Follow medications as directed
Do not overexert yourself
Consume healthy, fiber-rich food to prevent constipation
Drink plenty of fluids
Follow wound care instructions provided by your surgeon

Can Hernias Recur After Surgery?

Yes, although infrequent, hernias can come back. This could be because of:

Excessive lifting too early
Recurring coughing or straining
Being overweight
Not adhering to post-op advice
Reducing recurrence can be done with the use of mesh and living a healthy lifestyle.

When to See a Hernia Specialist?

You need to see a hernia specialist if:

You notice a bulge in your groin or abdomen
You experience discomfort or pain upon bending or lifting
The bulge does not subside when you lie down
There's a hereditary background of hernias
You've already had surgery in the same location previously

Putting off treatment can cause issues. It's always better to get checked earlier.

Selecting the Right Doctor to Repair Your Hernia

When searching for a "hernia expert near me," ensure that:

Verify the qualifications and expertise of the doctor
Inquire about the type of hernia you have
Discuss surgical methods—open or laparoscopic
Know the cost, hospital amenities, and post-op follow-up

Robotic-assisted surgery is also provided by some hernia centers, which is more accurate.

Life After Hernia Surgery: Long-Term Outlook

For most individuals, hernia surgery is a permanent solution and relief from pain. Once healed, you can resume regular activities, work, and even exercise—just be careful to avoid strain.

Prevention of future hernias can be done through a well-balanced diet, regular exercises, healthy weight, and abstaining from smoking or chronic coughing.

Conclusion

Hernia surgery is a secure and successful treatment for an issue that will not correct itself. Whether it's a minor lump or a tender bulge, avoiding a hernia can result in serious complications down the road. Fortunately, with today's methods and skilled surgeons, recovery is easier and faster than ever.

If you suspect you have a hernia or have a diagnosis, speak with a specialist who deals with hernias and seek your options. The sooner you do it, the less complicated the recovery.