When and Why a uterus removal surgery is needed?

The uterus plays a very crucial role in the female reproductive system as it regulates important functions like menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth. However,  there might be situations when the uterus may need to be removed, either to treat a medical condition or to prevent life-threatening complications Uterus removal is not a procedure any woman would willingly choose, but at times, it becomes the final recourse. The medical terminology for the removal of Uterus is hysterectomy. It sounds complicated, but due to progress in medical technology, this procedure has become commonplace nowadays. It is typically considered when other treatment options have proven ineffective or are not appropriate.

In this blog, we have elaborated on the procedure and why it is needed. Continue reading to learn more.

What is Uterus Removal Surgery?

Uterus removal surgery or hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure in Gynecology in which doctors remove a woman’s uterus, also known as the womb. It is a preferred treatment option for a variety of diseases and ailments and is generally recommended as the last resort of treatment for women, who no longer respond to conservative treatments. The surgery can have a life-changing impact as it marks the end of a woman’s reproductive capabilities. Owing to the advancements in the field of surgery, the procedure has become quite effective and can even be done following a minimally invasive approach. Also, with techniques like fertility preservation and surrogacy, women undergoing uterus removal surgery can still enjoy motherhood. 

During a uterus removal surgery, the surgeon may choose to remove only the uterus or both the uterus and cervix. There are situations when even the fallopian tubes and ovaries may also be removed depending on the patient's condition

What are the Types of Uterus Removal Surgery?

Uterus removal surgery can be performed using various approaches and techniques may also vary depending on a personalized approach. Here are the common types of uterus remova; surgeries that you should know about. 

• Total hysterectomy: In this case, doctors remove the entire uterus including the cervix, but leave the ovaries intact. 
• Subtotal hysterectomy: Also known as partial hysterectomy, the procedure involves the removal of the upper part of the uterus while leaving the cervix intact.
• Radial hysterectomy: A radical hysterectomy is more extensive and is performed in cases of cervical or uterine cancer. It involves the removal of the uterus, cervix, part of the vagina, surrounding tissues, and possibly the pelvic lymph nodes.
• Supracervical hysterectomy: In this case, doctors remove the uterus while the cervix is left intact. It is generally recommended for women with non-malignant uterine growths like fibroids or endometriosis.
• Abdominal Hysterectomy - The uterus is removed through an incision in the abdominal wall, either vertically or horizontally (bikini-line incision).
• Vaginal Hysterectomy - The uterus is removed through the vagina. This approach is often chosen when the uterus is not excessively large.
• Laparoscopic Hysterectomy - Small incisions are made, and a camera (laparoscope) and surgical instruments are inserted. This minimally invasive approach may result in a quicker recovery.

What are the Major Indications of Uterus Removal Surgery?

• Uterine Cancer – Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women, and it typically occurs in the lining of the uterus. In this case, there is a development of cancerous cells in the tissues of the uterus. A hysterectomy is a wise treatment in such cases.    
• Uterine Fibroids- These are noncancerous growths in the uterus that can cause pain, heavy bleeding, and other complications. Though it is not cancerous, the symptoms and complications can lead some women to seek treatment. It usually appears during childbearing years.
• Endometriosis - The condition is marked by the outgrowth of endometrial tissue on the organs located within the abdominal cavity including the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the lining of the pelvis. 
• Uterine Prolapse - Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends or sags into the canal. This happens due, to the weakening of the muscles and ligaments that provide support leading to the uterus shifting from its position. Uterine prolapse can vary in severity. It may or may not manifest symptoms.
• Chronic Pelvic Pain – Chronic pelvic pain refers to discomfort in the region that persists for a minimum of six months and has a substantial impact, on an individual's daily activities. A hysterectomy would not be the first choice here but would be considered when medications and less invasive surgeries are not successful.
• Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: If excessive or irregular menstrual bleeding cannot be controlled with other treatments, a hysterectomy may be recommended to alleviate this symptom.

What happens During the Procedure of Uterus Removal Surgery?

• Before the surgery, patients will be given anaesthesia to ensure they do not feel discomfort during the procedure.

• The surgeon makes an incision, usually in the abdominal area, but it can also be performed vaginally or laparoscopically.

• Then the surgeon carefully disconnects the uterus from surrounding tissues, blood vessels, and the cervix.
• At last, the surgeon closes the incisions with stitches or staples. Dissolvable stitches are often used internally.

What follows Uterus Removal Surgery?

• After surgery, hospitalization is mandatory depending on the type of hysterectomy executed.
• Patients receive specific post-operative care instructions, including guidelines for incision care, bathing, and activities to avoid during the initial recovery period.
• Once the patient is discharged from the hospital, patients need to continue their recovery at home. Post-operative conditions need a lot of rest. No strenuous are allowed for a few days.
• Some patients would be advised hormone replacement therapy in cases where the ovaries were removed during the hysterectomy.

Benefits of Uterus Removal Surgery

• Elimination of Menstrual Cycles - Uterus removal results in the cessation of menstrual cycles, which can be beneficial for women who no longer wish to have periods, particularly in cases where menstrual symptoms are severe.
• Relief from Symptoms - Women experiencing symptoms such as heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, or discomfort associated with uterine conditions may find relief through hysterectomy.
• Improved Quality of Life - For individuals with debilitating symptoms or conditions, uterus removal can lead to an improved overall quality of life by alleviating pain, discomfort, and other related issues.
• Prevention of Cancer - In cases of uterine cancer or when there is a high risk of developing uterine cancer, removing the uterus may be a preventive measure to reduce the risk of cancer spreading.