PCOS: Symptoms & Causes You Should Know

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age and impacts the normal function of the ovaries and menstrual cycle. It can cause irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and fertility problems, and may also affect overall health in the long run.

In this article, we’ll discuss the causes, symptoms, and effective treatments for PCOS to help you understand the condition better. Most women are diagnosed in their 20s or 30s, especially when they begin trying to conceive. Your risk of developing PCOS may be higher if other members of your family have PCOS or obesity.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

Irregular Menstrual: Menstrual cycle irregularities are one of the main signs of PCOS. Periods that are irregular, heavy bleeding during the menstrual cycle are all possible symptoms of PCOS.

Symptoms can vary, but most women experience one or more of these:

Hyperandrogenism: Excessive hair growth on the face, chest, or back, or male-pattern baldness, are indications of elevated androgen levels, including testosterone.
Ovulatory Dysfunction: PCOS frequently causes abnormal ovulation, which impairs fertility. Inability to ovulate, or an ovulation, might cause problems getting pregnant.
Polycystic Ovaries: Enlarged ovaries with tiny cysts are a rare but prevalent specific in many PCOS patients. These cysts are, in actuality, immature follicles that have not yet developed into eggs.
Metabolic Disturbances: Weight gain, a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have all been linked to inadequate insulin. Additionally, levels of indicators and abnormalities in metabolism may be present in PCOS patients.
Mood Disorders: Two mood problems that some PCOS patients might face are anxiety and depression. Mood swings and PCOS's negative effects on self-worth and attractiveness may exacerbate mental health problems.

Causes of PCOS

The exact cause isn’t fully known, but several factors play a role:

Genetic Predisposition: PCOS has a significant genetic component. Those who have a family history of the illness are more likely to get it too.
Hormonal Imbalances: PCOS-related abnormalities in ovarian function are partly mediated by higher LH and decreased FSH levels.
Inflammation: PCOS is linked to chronic inflammation, which may contribute to the disease's progression. Insulin resistance and abnormalities in ovarian function can be caused by inflammatory causes.
Environmental Factors: Some environmental variables, like pollutants that affect hormones, can cause or exacerbate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Diagnosis and Evaluation of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Medical History and Symptoms: A thorough medical history is taken, paying particular attention to menstrual cycles, indications of hyperandrogenism (e.g., acne, excessive hair growth), and problems with conception. They are evaluated to see if symptoms such as irregular periods, sexual dysfunction, and acne are indicative of PCOS.
Physical Examination: An entire physical examination, including a reproductive examination, is conducted to find any abnormalities in the reproductive organs and identify symptoms of hyperandrogenism.
Blood Tests: Hormonal tests measure the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), androgens (testosterone), among other indicators, to assess hormonal disorders. Lipid and glucose levels are analyzed to look for metabolic issues.
Ultrasound Imaging: One typical method for seeing the ovaries and looking for small cysts or follicles is transvaginal ultrasonography. The emergence of a "string of pearls" may indicate polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Exclusion of Other Conditions: In order to get an accurate diagnosis of PCOS, other ailments that have similar symptoms are ruled out by additional testing, such as hyperprolactinemia and thyroid problems.
Evaluation of Ovulatory Function: Since anovulation is a prevalent symptom of PCOS, monitoring menstrual cycles or utilizing tools like basal body temperature charts aids to evaluate ovulatory function.
Cooperation with Specialists: Working together with gynecologists, endocrinologists, and reproductive experts may be essential to evaluate certain features of PCOS and how it affects fertility.

PCOS Treatment Options

There’s no single cure for PCOS, but symptoms can be managed through medical care and healthy habits.

Lifestyle Modifications: Improving insulin sensitivity and easing symptoms need controlling weight with a balanced diet and frequent exercise.
Pharmacological Interventions: It is possible to give medication to control menstrual periods, lower testosterone levels, and increase insulin sensitivity. Oral contraceptives, anti-androgens, and insulin-sensitizing drugs are examples of common pharmaceuticals.
Fertility Treatments: Fertility therapies including ovulation induction drugs or assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may be suggested for people with PCOS-related infertility.
Management of Metabolic Complications: By treating metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, pharmaceuticals and lifestyle changes can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes and related cardiovascular problems.

Long-term Implications and Complications of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin resistance is frequently linked to PCOS, which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in the long run.
Cardiovascular Risks: PCOS patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular illnesses because of things like insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. It is essential to regularly monitor cardiovascular health.
Endometrial Cancer: Endometrial hyperplasia can result from long anovulation and unopposed estrogen exposure in PCOS patients, raising their risk of endometrial cancer. It is advised to have regular gynecological check-ups.
Metabolic Syndrome: PCOS is connected to metabolic syndrome, a collection of diseases includes abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular problems are made more likely by this.
Infertility Challenges: The irregular menstrual periods and a period of linked to PCOS might lead to long-term reproductive issues. For people hoping to become pregnant, fertility treatments can be necessary.
Psychological Impact: In addition to its effects on fertility and appears PCOS's chronic condition can lead to mental health issues like anxiety and despair. The importance of psychosocial support for general wellbeing.
Quality of Life: Relationships and self-esteem are two areas of life that PCOS can have an impact on. Despite the difficulties the illness presents, maintaining a high quality of life requires comprehensive management strategies, such as lifestyle changes and emotional support.

When to See a Doctor

Book an appointment if you notice:

Irregular or absent periods
Sudden weight gain
Excess hair growth or acne
Difficulty getting pregnant

Early diagnosis and treatment can make a major difference.

Conclusion

PCOS is a lifelong condition, but with the right medical care and lifestyle habits, it can be managed successfully.

Healthy eating, regular exercise, and stress control play a key role in restoring hormonal balance.

If you’re experiencing PCOS symptoms, book appointment Surya Hospital’s expert gynecologists for personalized treatment and care.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are the main symptoms of PCOS?
A: Irregular periods, acne, hair loss, and weight gain are the most common symptoms.

Q2. Can PCOS be cured permanently?
A: No, but it can be managed through medication, diet, and lifestyle changes.

Q3. How does PCOS affect fertility?
A: PCOS can cause irregular ovulation, but fertility treatments can help women conceive successfully.

Q4. What is the best diet for PCOS?
A: A diet rich in fiber, protein, and whole grains, with low sugar and processed food, helps manage symptoms.

Q5. When should I see a doctor for PCOS?
A: If your periods are irregular, or you notice acne, hair loss, or difficulty conceiving, consult a gynecologist.