3 Most Common Cancers That Affect Children

Cancer is a life-threatening condition, regardless of age. However, the idea of a child being diagnosed with cancer is especially heartbreaking. In developed countries, cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death among children—a sobering reality for many families.

In this blog, we explore the three most common types of childhood cancer, drawing insights from the top experts in pediatric cancer treatment in Jaipur.

1. Leukaemia

Leukaemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, and it is the most common type of cancer in children, accounting for about 30% of all cases. It primarily affects the white blood cells, which play a vital role in fighting infections.

In leukaemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that do not function properly, weakening the immune system.

Symptoms may include:

• Fatigue or weakness

• Pale skin

• Frequent fevers

• Easy bruising or bleeding

• Bone or joint pain

Treatment options typically include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation. Thankfully, with medical advancements, the five-year survival rate for childhood leukaemia is around 85%, offering hope to many families.

2. Brain and Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumours

Brain and CNS tumours account for roughly 26% of childhood cancers, making them the second most common type. These tumours can be benign or malignant and may occur at any age.

Common symptoms include:

• Persistent headaches

• Vomiting

• Seizures

• Vision or hearing problems

The severity and symptoms depend on the size and location of the tumour. Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The five-year survival rate for pediatric brain tumours is about 73%, though this can vary based on the type and location of the tumour.

3. Lymphoma

Lymphoma affects the lymphatic system, an essential part of the immune system. It is the third most common cancer in children, accounting for about 10% of cases. There are two primary types:

• Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

• Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Symptoms may include:

• Swollen lymph nodes

• Unexplained fever

• Weight loss

• Night sweats

Lymphoma treatments often involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation. The five-year survival rate is quite promising—about 97% for Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 90% for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
 

Conclusion

Cancer in children is a devastating diagnosis for any family. The most common childhood cancers—leukaemia, brain and CNS tumours, and lymphoma—can present with a range of symptoms. Early detection and timely treatment can greatly improve survival outcomes.

If your child is showing any unusual symptoms, it is crucial to consult the best pediatric cancer specialists in Jaipur without delay.

Thanks to advances in research and treatment, pediatric cancer survival rates have improved significantly. Many children go on to recover fully and lead healthy, fulfilling lives. Additionally, numerous support groups and resources are available to help families navigate this difficult journey with strength and hope.