Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
Introduction:
At Surya Hospitals, we specialise in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). Surya Hospital’s Hematology Clinic offers a thorough explanation of PIDs, typical symptoms, and treatment choices.
What are PIDs (Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders)?
Primary Immunodeficiency Syndrome Disorders are a class of hereditary diseases that impair the immune system, making people more vulnerable to infections and other health problems. These illnesses can affect diverse immune system components such as white blood cells, antibodies, and complement proteins.
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders Causes:
Genetic changes that impair the growth or function of immune cells are the primary cause of PIDs. These mutations can be passed down from one or either parents or they may occur on their own. People of any age, gender, or ethnic background might be affected by PIDs.
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders are classified as follows:
So far, over 400 different forms of PIDs have been found, with varied degrees of severity. PIDs that are commonly connected with an increased risk of cancer include:
- SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency): This rare and severe PID affects both T and B cells, making the body extremely susceptible to infections.
- CVID (Common Variable Immunodeficiency): CVID is characterised by low immunoglobulin levels, which leads to recurring infections.
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS): This PID affects the immune system as well as platelets, making people more susceptible to infections and bleeding disorders.
- Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT): It is an uncommon condition affecting numerous systems, including the immune system increasing vulnerability to infections and the risk of cancer, including leukaemia and lymphoma.
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder Symptoms:
PID symptoms can vary greatly depending on the condition and its severity. Among the most common symptoms are:
- Infections that occur frequently or severely, such as pneumonia, sinusitis, or ear infections.
- Infections that take a long time to heal or do not respond to therapy.
- Diarrhoea that is recurring or persistent.
- Children who do not thrive or grow poorly.
- Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples of autoimmune illnesses.
- Skin rashes or illnesses that are unusual.
Malignancy and Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders:
PIDs are linked to a higher risk of some cancer, specifically lymphomas, leukaemia, etc. Individuals with PIDs have a weaker immune system that fails to recognise and eradicate cancer cells, resulting in malignancy which depicts an increased probability of cancer development.
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder Treatment:
Different PIDs have different treatments. Among the most prevalent treatment methods are:
- Antibiotic and antifungal drugs: These medications aid in the treatment and prevention of infections.
- Immunoglobulin replacement therapy: Immunoglobulin infusions give the body the antibodies it needs to combat infections.
- Stem cell or bone marrow transplant: In many PIDs, a bone marrow transplant is the only option for treatment. BMT replaces the faulty immune system with help of stem cells from a healthy donor.
- Targeted medicines: They may be utilised to repair the underlying genetic flaw in specific PIDs.
We understand the difficulties that patients endure at Surya Hospital’s Hematology Clinic. Our expert team is here to provide complete care, including accurate diagnosis, cutting-edge treatment options, and continuing support to individuals suffering from Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. If you or a loved one are having PID symptoms or need more information, please do not hesitate to contact us. We may tackle primary immunodeficiency diseases and related malignancies together to improve your quality of life.
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