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Overview

In vitro fertilization or IVF is one of various techniques that can help people with fertility issues to conceive and carry pregnancy. During this process, an egg is extracted from the woman's ovaries and then fertilized outside the women body (in a lab) with the sperm. Then the developed embryo (fertilized egg), is placed back into the woman's womb, letting it develop into a fully grown baby. IVF can also be used for preventing a child from inheriting genetic issues.

It is possible to use a couple's own sperm and eggs for IVF. It could also involve sperm, eggs, or embryos from an anonymous or known donor. It can also be done for surrogacy, which means a gestational carrier, or someone who gets the embryo implanted inside her uterus, can also fulfill your dreams of having a baby.

Your age and the root cause for your infertility are two major factors that affect the likelihood of conceiving a healthy child. It's a complex procedure that involves the placement of multiple embryos into the uterus, which may result in multiple pregnancies (conceiving with more than one baby).

For individuals over 40, infertility treatment options include IVF as the primary treatment. If you have specific medical conditions, then also you can opt for it. IVF can be the right choice if you and your partner is suffering from following conditions:

• Fallopian tube blockage
• Ovulation disorders
• Endometriosis
• Uterine fibroids
• History of tubal ligation
• Poor sperm count & quality
• Unexplained infertility
• Certain genetic disorders
• Maintain fertility after the diagnosis of cancer or other medical issues

Infertility Testing

You or your partner can be suggested following tests to diagnose infertility:

• Ovulation testing: Hormone levels are measured via a blood test to determine whether or not you are ovulating. Hormone testing early in the menstrual cycle tends to be the first step in the procedure.
• Ovarian reserve testing: This facilitates to determine your ovulation egg count.
• Hysterosalpingography: Hysterosalpingography is done to examine the shape and condition of the fallopian tubes and uterus. In addition, it investigates other issues or fallopian tube blockages. An X-ray is taken after the uterus is given a special dye injection.
• Thyroid function test: If the doctor treating you believes that a thyroid issue could be the cause of your infertility, they may request this blood test. An insufficient or excessive production of thyroid hormone by the gland may contribute to problems with fertility.
• Imaging tests: Pelvic ultrasound scans for ovaries or uterine diseases. Saline infusion sonography is sometimes used to see those structures inside the uterus that are not visible with a standard ultrasound.
• Hysteroscopy: Your doctor may advise hysteroscopy to check for uterine diseases based on your symptoms. A thin, lighted device is inserted into the uterus through the cervix during the procedure to check for any abnormal signs. It can also aid in guiding certain minor surgeries.
• Laparoscopy: A tiny incision is made beneath the navel during a laparoscopy. Next, a thin observing device is inserted through the incision to examine the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Endometriosis, scarring, blockages, or other problems with the fallopian tubes may be observed during the procedure.
• Semen analysis: One or more samples of your semen may be requested by your medical team for examination of sperm count and quality. Semen is typically collected by masturbating or by pausing a sexual encounter to ejaculate into a sterile container.
• Male hormone testing: To measure your levels of testosterone and other male hormones, a blood test may be performed.
• Genetic testing: This could be done to determine whether infertility is caused by a genetic defect.
• Testicular biopsy: Through this procedure, a small portion of testicle tissue is removed for microscopic examination in the lab. During infertility testing, a biopsy is not always necessary. In rare instances, it might be carried out to determine whether the reproductive tract is blocked.

Advanced Treatments

• IVF-In Vitro Fertilisation: In vitro fertilization or IVF is one of various techniques that can help people with fertility issues to conceive and carry pregnancy. During this process, an egg is extracted from the woman's ovaries and then fertilized outside the woman's body (in a lab) with the sperm. Then the developed embryo (fertilized egg), is placed back into the woman's womb, letting it develop into a fully grown baby.
• IUI-IntraUterine Insemination: It is a fertility procedure that enhances the chances of pregnancy. It involves the placement of specially prepared sperm in the uterus directly around the time when the ovary is about to release the egg or eggs. It is also called artificial insemination.
• ICSI-Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: A mature egg is directly injected into a healthy sperm. ICSI is commonly employed when there are insufficient or low-quality sperms. Additionally, if previous IVF cycles' attempts at fertilization failed, this option might be used.
• Egg Preservation via Egg Freezing or Oocyte Cryopreservation: In order to maintain a woman's ability to reproduce even at advanced age or after a medical treatment, her eggs or oocytes are extracted at the reproductive age and are preserved at freezing temperatures. This egg preservation process is called egg freezing or oocyte cryopreservation.
• Sperm Cryopreservation: The procedure that is done to extract, freeze, and preserve the sperms for the future use is called sperm cryopreservation. It is often advised to those men who wish to become fathers but have received treatments that increase the risk of infertility in future, like some cancer treatments. One method of preserving fertility is sperm cryopreservation or sperm banking.
• Embryo Freezing or Embryo Cryopreservation: It's a fertility procedure that involves freezing one or more embryos in the hope of saving them for the future. The embryos are formed by the process of IVF. The frozen embryos are later placed in the woman’s uterus in order to preserve the dream of having children at the time you desire.

Fertility Preservations

• Egg Preservation via Egg Freezing or Oocyte Cryopreservation: Egg preservation methods such as egg freezing or oocyte cryopreservation can be performed to maintain a woman's ability to reproduce even at advanced age or after a medical treatment. Her eggs or oocytes are extracted at the reproductive age and are preserved at freezing temperatures till the time she wants to retrieve them and plan childbearing.
• Sperm Cryopreservation: The procedure that is done to extract, freeze, and preserve the sperms for the future use is called sperm cryopreservation. It is often advised to those men who wish to become fathers but have received treatments that increase the risk of infertility in future, like some cancer treatments. One method of preserving fertility is sperm cryopreservation or sperm banking.
• Embryo Freezing or Embryo Cryopreservation: It's a fertility procedure that involves freezing one or more embryos in the hope of saving them for the future. The embryos are formed by the process of IVF. The frozen embryos are later placed in the woman’s uterus in order to preserve the dream of having children at the time you desire.